To truly optimize your health, you need a comprehensive picture of your body's functions. Standard diagnostic tests provide limited snapshots, often missing critical markers that reveal hormonal imbalances, metabolic efficiency, cardiovascular risk factors, nutrient deficiencies, and organ health.
This guide explores over 50 essential biomarkers that give you actionable insights into your overall well-being. Whether you're looking to enhance energy levels, longevity, athletic performance, or disease prevention, these biomarkers provide key data points for personalized health optimization.
Before diving into the biomarkers, it's essential to differentiate between normal and optimal levels:
Normal levels: These reference ranges are based on population averages and typically identify serious health conditions, but they do not indicate whether you’re operating at peak performance.
Optimal levels: These are targeted reference ranges designed to enhance vitality, cognitive function, longevity, and metabolic health.
"Most blood tests check against 'normal' levels, which reflect the average of people who visit a lab," explains Dr. Masutto. "These ranges highlight disease risk rather than optimal function. Our goal is to help you feel your best, not just avoid illness."
Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate metabolism, mood, libido, energy levels, and body composition. Imbalances can impact mental clarity, sleep, muscle growth, and overall well-being.
Total Testosterone (Vital for energy, libido, and muscle mass)
Men: 700 - 1,200 ng/dL
Women: 50 - 80 ng/dL
Free Testosterone (Bioavailable form that influences performance)
Men: 150 - 190 pg/mL
Women: 6.7 - 9 pg/mL
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) (Regulates hormone bioavailability)
Men: 10 - 57 nmol/L
Women: 18 - 144 nmol/L
DHEA (Precursor hormone supporting stress resilience, aging, and libido)
Men: 400 - 500 ug/dL
Women: 250 - 350 ug/dL
Estradiol (E2) (Essential for reproductive health, mood, and cognitive function)
Men: 10 - 50 pg/mL
Women: Varies by menstrual cycle and menopause status
Related Reading: What To Know about Hormonal Imbalance
Metabolic biomarkers assess how efficiently your body processes energy, while cardiovascular markers provide insights into heart disease risk.
Total Cholesterol: 100 - 199 mg/dL
LDL Cholesterol ("Bad" Cholesterol): <90 mg/dL
HDL Cholesterol ("Good" Cholesterol):
Men: >45 mg/dL
Women: >55 mg/dL
Triglycerides (Stored fat linked to metabolic disease): 0 - 149 mg/dL
Blood Glucose (Fasting): <85 mg/dL
Hemoglobin A1C (Long-term glucose control): <5.3%
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (Cholesterol transport marker): <90 mg/dL
Lipoprotein (a) (Genetic cardiovascular risk factor): <75 nmol/L
Related Reading: HDL vs. LDL Cholesterol: What's the Difference?
Vitamins and minerals support cellular function, energy production, immune strength, and cognitive health.
Vitamin D (Essential for bone, immune, and hormonal health): 50 - 100 ng/mL
Homocysteine (B-vitamin marker linked to cardiovascular risk): 5 - 10 umol/L
Magnesium (Involved in 300+ enzyme reactions, muscle recovery, and heart health): 1.6 - 2.3 mg/dL
Related Reading: Can Supplements Really Improve Your Immunity?
The thyroid gland regulates metabolism, energy production, and body temperature. Suboptimal thyroid function contributes to fatigue, weight gain, and cognitive decline.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): 0.5 - 2.5 uIU/mL
Free T4 (Inactive thyroid hormone converted to active form): 1.1 - 1.77 ng/dL
Free T3 (Active thyroid hormone essential for metabolism): 3.2 - 4.2 pg/mL
Related Reading: Thyroid function tests
These markers evaluate the liver, kidneys, gallbladder, and inflammatory levels that impact longevity and overall function.
Liver Enzymes (ALT, AST): ALT < 32 IU/L, AST < 40 IU/L
Kidney Function (Creatinine, BUN):
BUN: 6 - 20 mg/dL
Creatinine: 0.6 - 1 mg/dL
BUN/Creatinine Ratio: 9 - 23
C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) (Inflammation marker): <1 mg/L
Calcium (Bone & muscle function): 8.7 - 10.2 mg/dL
Related Reading: Chronic Kidney Disease
Regular biomarker testing provides the data-driven insights needed to make informed health decisions. Whether your goal is longevity, performance, or disease prevention, these 50+ essential markers offer a personalized roadmap to optimal well-being.
For an in-depth biomarker analysis, consider a comprehensive diagnostic test that assesses these critical health indicators.
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